Two-cycle internal-combustion engine



J. HUTCHINSON. TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30, 1920.

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TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLlCATION FILED MAR. 30. 1920.

1,429,07 PatentedSept. 12,1922.

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ATTORNEYS.

J. HUTCHINSON.

TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30. I920.

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ATTORNEYS.

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JOB HUTCHINSON, OF BROOKLYN, YORK.

TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed March 30, 1920. Serial No. 869,937.

To all who'm, it-may'conaern:

Be it known that 1, Joe HUTOHINSON, citizen of the United 7 States, residin at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and tate of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Two-Cycle Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification. a

My invention relates to internal combustion motors of the two-cycle type, and has for its principal objects the production of a motor of this type which will be lighter and less bulky than a four-cycle motor of equal power and number of impulses per revolution; which will approximate the present standard form of construction of motor vehicle engines; in which a super charge of combustible mixture may be supplied to the working cylinders to raise the initial pressure in'the cylinders above atmospheric pressure and thereby'increase the volumetric efficiency and the mechanical equivalent of power throughout the stroke; and which will be capable of effective low throttling and at the same time act as a service brake. Other objects, and the construction by which my objects are attained, will be better understood by reference to the following description and accompanying drawings.

The invention consists in the novel construction, and novel combination and arrangement of arts of an internal combustion motor wit its associated parts, allas hereinafter described and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through a two-cylinder motor built in accordance with the invention;

Figure 2 is a vertical cross-section through one of the motor cylinders;

Figure 3 is a plan View of the motor as shown in Figure 1.;

Figure 4 is a vertical cross-section through the charging pump portion of the motor shown in Figure 1;

Figure 5 is 'a horizontal section taken on Figure 6 is a horlzontal section taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 1; and I Figure 7 is a side elevation of a six-cylinder motor embodyingthree units as shown in Figure 1. l

Referring to the drawings, 10 and 10' indicate internal combustion cylinders, two of .to the motor base which are shown inFigure 1 embodied in the same casting with flanges 11 for bolting 12, and the usual water acket 13. A v

Included in this casting is a pump cylinder 14, the lower end of which opens into the crank case of the motor base.

Motorc linders 1'0 and 10 also communicate wit the crank case and each is provided with a power piston 15 connected by connectlng rod 16 with the usual crank 17 on the crank shaft 18. These parts are of usual construction, and hence need not be described in detail.

is located a third crank 19 provided with a connectlngrod 20 for the lower piston 21 of the pump working within pump cylinder 14.

Each motor cylinder is provided with an inlet valve 22 mounted on valve cage 23 which fits the upper aperture of the cylinder formed to receive the same, and is held to its seat by a weak spring 24. The valve formed with charge inlet openings 28 communicating witha central valve chamber which is provided with an upper'valve 29 controlling the supply of charge to pump cylinder 26, and-a lower valve 30 controlling the supply of charge to the lower pump cyl- 195 inder 14. I

Upper pump cylinder 26 is provided with a piston 31 connected by a rod 32 with lower pump'piston 21 so that said pistons may be reciprocated simultaneously in the same direction.

Pump inlet valves 29 and 30 are preferably connected together as by a sleeve 33,

and are mounted upon rod 32 for frictional sliding engagement therewith. The desired degree of friction may be obtained b the packing rings 34; .orin any other sultable manner.

The lower pump piston 21 is lubricated from the crank case by the splash system,

and the. upper pump piston 31 is lubricated by meansof a duct 35 extending up through Cranks 17 are posi- 70 tloned degrees apart, and between them receives oil supplied from the connecting.

rod 20 and passing up through ductsin the piston 21. Any other system of lubrication desired may beemployed for the upper.

ton will continue.

pump pisto i Partltion 27 is also provided with delivery channels, channel 36 leading from the'lower pump chamber to motor cylinder-10, and

channel 37 leading from the upper. pump chamber to motor cylinder 10. lln these delivery channels are located respectively throttle valves 38, 39, whlch are s own of the rocker type and may be samultaneousl and equally moved by hand or foot contro s in any known manner through levers 4:0 and 41, respectively.

'42, 43' represent the outlet and the inlet connections of the waterjacket, respectively, and each motor cylinder is provlded with duplicate spark plugs 44:, and a plurality of exhaust orts 45 arranged in an annular series an discharging into exhaust rmg 4:6.

The operation of the motor may now be readily understood. A- combustible mixture is supplied from a carburetor or any other 7 suitable device to charge inlet channels 28, which insure a free supply of charge. As-

suming that the parts are in the position shown in Figures 1, 2 and 4:, this charge is being admitted to pump cylinder 14; above the piston 21, which latter is beginning its downward movement. As this movement continues the charge will be drawn in until pump cylinder 14: is filled with the charge and piston 21 will then start upon its upward movement. In the meantime motor cylinder 10, in which the previous charge had been fully compressed in the position shown, has delivered its ower to piston 15 by the explosion of said 0 arge, andas pump "piston 21 was moving down the piston of motor cylinder 10 was moving down on its power stroke. As the pump piston begins its upward movement to compress the charge, valve 30 is moved by friction with rod 32 to its closed position, at the same time opening valve 29 of the upper pump cylinder 26, this closing and openlng movement being eflected by the joint action of fluid pressure due to the pump pistons and the friction of the valve structure with rod'32.

When power piston 15 of cylinder 10 reaches the end of the Work stroke and uncovers exhaust ports 45, the compressed charge from pump cylinder 14 is admitted through inlet valve 22 and 'forces out the burnt gases and at the same time fills motor cylinder 10 with the fresh charge. As motor piston 15 of cylinder 10 begins to rise upon the return stroke, it closes exhaust ports 45, and permits the super-compression of the charge in the motor cylinder by the advance of pump piston 21 which continues after the closing of said exhaust ports. When the super-compression olf the charge within cylinder 10 is completed by pump piston reaching the end of its stroke, valve 22 will close and the further compression of the charge on the compressionstroke of the motor pisupper pump piston 31 was drawing in the 'charge'into pump cylinder 26, which upon the downward movement of the pump pistons will be compressed and supplied to motor cyllnder 10 in the ,same manner and on the same cycle as just described in connection with motor cylinder 10..

The exact time of opening and closing of the charge inlet valves 29 and 30 of the pum may be obtained bv the proper proportloning of the connection between these valves, and this in combination with the angle at which the crank 19 is set to operate the pump pistons. As shown in the drawmgs, the pump piston is being advanced approximately 90 degrees ahead of the working piston of themotor and delivers fresh gas sufiicient to displace the burnt gas during the: exhaust port period,.and it continues to deliver fresh gas after the exhaust ports have closed to build up pressure above atmospheric in addition to the compression due to the movement of the power piston of the motor cylinder after it has begun its compression-stroke.

The pump pistons working against a discharge pressure, the latter at no time exceeds that in the working cylinder after the working piston has advanced about 40 degrees beyond the closed exhaust ports, and

.these pistons can therefore be of very light construction, or about equal weight to the working piston. Theover-all height of the pump cylinder may be reduced by increased diameter and shorter stroke, and the increased weight of the reciprocating parts may be compensated by the reduced stroke so that the piston reciprocating weight will balance.

lit will be observed that the valve action in this motor is always positive, as the piston rod operates the, inlet valve while the pump pistons discharge through the spring valves to the working cylinders, as the springs are only suiiiciently strong to overcome the weight of the valves and to assist in seating them quickly.

When the engine is in operation and the throttle valves 38 and 39 are wide open, the charge has free access to the motor cylinders, but when the throttle valves are partly closed, the flow of charge is restricted and hence the amount of charge forced into the motor cylinders during the cycle will be di minished. This diminished How will in: crease the resistance of the pump and hence ill M anaaove in low throttling the-pump will act as an efiicient service brake when the motor is emlp lloyed on a motor vehicle.

the operation of the motor the work pistons will counterbalance each other, and it is desirable to supply a counterbalance weight 47 to balance pump piston. This will be obvious, and other details, such as 'supplyin breather openings 48 to the upper pump cy inder, will be obvious.

Inasmuch as on the two-cycle principle an ex losion and impulse occurs in each cylinder for every revolution of the crank shaft, the two-cylinder type just described .will be equivalent to a four-cylinder fourcycle motor having a bore and stroke equal" to pump/piston. Any desired increase in;

the number of cylinders may be obtained by adding additional units, such a motor being shown in Figure 7, in which three units, A, B, and C, embodying six work cylinders are shown. The common motor base or crank case 12 carried the three units, the crank shaft connections being in accordance with the usual practice in multi-cylinder motors.

While I have describedwhat I now believe to be the best embodiment of my invention, I do not wish to be limited specifically to the construction described andillustrated. Many changes and modifications may be made in the details of construction and arran ement of parts without departing from t e invention, and all such changes I aim to include within the scope of the appended claims. I

What'I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In a two-cycle motor, the combination with an internal combustion cylinder having exhaust ports in the wall thereof; and .a single diameter power piston working in said cylinder, of a charge compressing pump adjacent said cylinder proportioned and arranged to deliver a charge under pressure to said cylinder, said dellvery being "begun while the exhaust ports are-being opened,

continued during the period when they are being closed, and continued after they are closed. I

2. In a two-cycle motor, the combination with an internal combustion cylinder having exhaust ports in the wall thereof and a single diameter power piston working in said cylinder, of a charge compressing pumpadjacent said cylinder proportioned an 7 beginning of the compression stroke of said pistona charge at greater than atmospheric pressure.

3. In a two-cycle motor, the combinat on with an internalcombustion cylinder having exhaust ports in the wall thereof and a single diameter power piston work ng in sald cylinder, of a charge compresslng ump adjacent said cylinder proportione and arar: ranged to compress in said cylinder at the I ranged to deliver to said cylinder after the closing of the exhaust ports a' supercharge of the working combustible mixture for further compresslon by said piston.

4. In a two-c cle motor, the combination with an interna combustioncylinder having exhaust ports in the wall thereof, of a single diameter power piston working therein and controlling said exhaust ports, a charge compressing pum adjacent said cylinder proportloned an arranged to deliver to'said cylinder after the closing of said exhaust ports by said piston a supercharge of the working combustible. mixture for scavenging and for further compression by said piston.

5. In a two-(: cle' motor,-the combination with anintern combustion cylinder having exhaust -portsjin the wall thereof and a single diameter power piston in said cylinder, of a charge compressing pump adjacent said 0 linder for supplying directly,

, to said cylin er a predetermlned amount of charge in excess of the displacement of said power piston, sa1d charge being; introduced as soon as said exhaust ports are uncovered excess of the added displacement of said power' piston and clearance-space, and a common crank shaft for operating said power piston and said pump piston, said pump p ston being mounted at approximatey 85 of crank motion in advance of the power piston whereby the amount of charge suppliedto-the combustion cylinder exceeds "the added volume of the entire piston displacement and the clearance space.

. *7. In atwo-cycle motor, the combination with twin internal combustion cylinders having exhaust ports in the wall thereof, of a single diameter power piston for each cylinder arranged to be actuated alternately, a common power shaft for said pistons, a

liver alternately to said cylinders for further .compression by said istons a predetermined charge at greater t an atmospheric pressure. v 1

a 8. .In a two-cycle motor, the combination with a lurality of internal'combustion cylinders 'aving exhaust ports in the wall thereof, of a single diameter power piston for each cylinder arranged to be actuated al-' ternate ly, a common power'shaft forsaid pistons, and a charge comp essing pump-device having piston displacement greater than I charge compressing pump adjacent said cylinders and proportioned and arranged to dethe pistondisplacement of either of said res ective cylinders and arranged to deliver a ternately to said cylinders. a predetermined supercharge at greater than atmospheric pressure for further compression in said cylinders.

9. In a two-cycle motor, the combination two pistons movable simultaneously in the same direction and reciprocated from said crank shaft, and valve means for controlling the delivery from said respective pump pistons to said cylinders of a super-charge 4 at greater than atmospheric ressure for further compression in said cy inder.

10. In a two-cycle motor, the combination with an internal combustion cylinder having exhaust ports in the wall thereof and a single diameter power piston therein, of a crank shaft to which said piston is connected, and a charge compressing pump adjacent said cylinder and having a drive connection with said shaft timed to deliver a charge directly to said cylinder, said delivery being begun at a pressure above atmospheric pressure substantiallybefore the beginning of the compression stroke of said piston and continued after the beginning of the compression stroke. 4

11. In a two-cycle motor, the combination with two internal combustion cylinders and a power piston for each cylinder, of a charge compressing pump comprlsing aligned cylinders, aplston within each cylinder, a rod connecting said cylinders for simultaneous movement in the same direction, means for reciprocating said pistons, a partition between abutting ends of said cylinders, and

an intake valve in said partition for each cylinder.

12. In a two-cycle motor, the combination with an internal combustion cylinder and a power pistontherein, of a charge compressmg pump comprising a cylinder connected to deliver a charge to said internal combustion cylinder, a piston within said pump cylinder, a rod for reciprocating said pump piston, and a double intake valve for said pump having packing rings in frictional engagement with said rod, the seating of one member of said double intake valve limiting the opening movement of the opposite member of said valve.

13. In a two-cycle motor, the combination with two internal combustion cylinders and a power piston for each cylinderyof a charge compressing pump comprising aligned cylinders, a piston within each cylinder, a rod connecting said cylinders for simultaneous movement, in the same direction, means for reciprocating said pistons, a partition benaeaove tweenabutting ends of said cylinders and formed with charge inlet channels, and an intake valve for each cylinder in said partition for determining the flow from said channels.

14:. In a two-cycle motor, the combination with two internal combustion cylinders and a power piston for each cylinder, of a charge compressing pump comprising aligned cylinders, a piston within each cylinder, a rod connecting said cylinders for simultaneous movement in the same direction, means for compressing pump comprising aligned cylinders, a piston within-eachscylinder, a rod connecting said cylinders for simultaneous movement in the same direction, means for reciprocating said pistons, a partition between abuttlng ends of said cylinders, and

in said partition intake valves connected together for simultaneous movement for closing one while the other is open.

16. In a two-cyclemotor, the combination with two internal combustion cylinders and a power piston for each cylinder, of a charge compressing pump comprising aligned cylinders, a piston within each cylinder, a rod connecting said cylinders for simultaneous movement in the same direction, means for reciprocating said pistons, a partition between abutting ends of said cylinders, and in said partition intake valves connected together for simultaneous movement for closing'one while the other is open and having frictional engagement with said rod.

17 In a two-cycle motor, the combination with an internal combustion cylinder and a power piston therein, of a charge compressmg pump comprising a cylinder connected to deliver a charge to said internal combustion cylinder, a piston within said pump cylinder, a rod for reciprocating said pump piston, and a double intake valve for said. pump mounted upon said rod and having packmg rings in frictional sliding engagement therewith whereby the movement of said rod assists in opening and closing said valve, the seating of one member of said double intake valve limiting the opening movement of the opposite memberof said valve.

18. In a two-cycle motor, the combination with two internal combustion cylinders and a power piston for each cylinder, of a charge compressing pump comprising aligned cylinders, a piston within each cylinder, a rod connectlng said cylinders for simultaneous movement in the same dlrection, means for rat reciprocating said pistons, a partition benels.

tween abutting ends of said cylinders formed with charge inlet channels and with delivery channels one to each said combustion cylinder, and an intakevalve for each pump cylinder in said partition for determining the flow from said charge inlet chan- 19. In a two-cycle motor, the combination with two internal combustion cylinders and a power piston for each cylinder, of a charge compressing pump comprising aligned cylinders, a piston within each cylinder, a rod connecting said'cylinders for simultaneous movement in the same direction, means for reciprocating said pistons, a removable partition between abutting ends of said cylinders formed with charge inlet. channels and with delivery channels one to each of said combustion cylinders, and an intake valve for each pump cylinder in said partition for determining the flow from said charge inlet channels.

20. In a two-cycle motor, the combustion with two internal combustion cylinders, of a power piston foreach cylinder, a common crank shaft for said pistons, a charge compressing pump having two pistons, a rod connecting said pump pistons for movement simultaneously in the same 1 direction and having an oil duct longitudinally therethrough, and a connecting rod for one pump piston having a crank connection with said shaft, and means extending the length of said connecting rod and arranged to supply oil to said duct for delivery to the other pump iston.

21. with two internal combustion cylinders and a power piston for each cylinder, of a charge compressing pump located between said cylinders and comprising aligned cylinders, means for reciprocating said pump pistons simultaneously in the same direction, means for reciprocating said pump pistons, a partition between abutting ends of said pump cylinders formed with a delivery channel therein providing a passageway from each pump cylinder to the respective combustion cylinders, and a throttle valve controlling the pressure in the pump cylinder and the delivery of charge from each channel to its combustion cylinder.

22. In a two-cycle motor, the combination with two internal combustion cylinders and a power piston for each cylinder, of a charge compressing pump located between said cylinders and comprising aligned cylinders,

means for reciprocating said pump pistons simultaneously in the same direction, a re-.

movable partition between the abutting ends of said pump cylinders formed with a delivn a two-cycle motor, the combinationery channel therein providing a passageway from each pump cylinder to the respective combustion cylinders, and a throttle valve controlling the pressure in the pump cylinder and the delivery of charge from each channel to its combustion cylinder.

23. In a two-cycle motor, the combination with two internal combustion cylinders having exhaust ports in the wall thereof, of a power piston for each cylinder, a common I crank shaft for said pistons, a charge compressing pump having two pistons movable simultaneously in the same direction and reciprocated from said crank shaft, and valve means for controlling the delivery from said respective pump pistons to said cylinders, said pump pistons being mounted at approximately 85 of crank motion in,

and said pump, and a common crank shaft for operating said power piston and said pump, both said power piston and said pump being mounted to simultaneously com-' press a working charge in said power cylinder.

25. In a two-c cle motor, the combination ing a single diameter power piston working with an interna' combustion cylinder hav-.

therein,.of a charge compressing pump having a piston working therein, and a single valve between said pump and said cylinder,

said pump piston being mounted to compress the working charge and force it di-.-

rectly into said power cylinder during the same period in which said power piston is performing its compression stroke.

\ 26. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder having a single diameter power piston working therein, a charge compressing pump operating in conjunction with said working cylinder and having a pump piston in said pump, a common crank shaft connected. to said power piston and said pump piston, and a single valve between said working cylinder and said pump, both said power piston and said pump piston being mounted to simultaneously compress a working charge in said cylinder.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

J OB HUTCHINSON; 

